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Earthlodge Predictive Model Glenwood culture was agrarian Areas with Higher Potential Than
and the people lived in houses Random Chance for Earthlodges

!( !( that were partially subterranean.

(! !(

(!!( !( From these clues, variables such (!!( (!
!(!((!(!!(!((! as a soil’s erodibility (house walls !((!!(!(!(!((!
and crops should not slump) and
!(!(!( !( solar insulation (crops need good !(

!( !(
!(!( !( !( (!(!!( (!!( !( (!

(! !( sunlight) could be tested to see (! (!
!((!(!(!(!(!(!(!
¤£275

if they affected lodge placement. (!!( (! (! (!
Other factors reflected more !( (! !(!(!( !( (!
(!!((!(!!((!!((! ¤£275 universal preferences. People !(
generally like living on relatively (!
flat surfaces, not slopes, and shel- (!!(
!( ters usually face away from harsh
!(!(!( (! !( winter winds. Did the location of !( !(
(! (!!((! !( (! lodges relate positively to such !( !(
variables?
!( !(!( !(
The results of the modeling not !( (!
(! only provided answers about (!!( (! !(!(!(
which environmental settings
!((! were chosen or avoided by Glen- (!
wood people in situating their !(
!( (! (!(! houses, but also produced a map !( (!
showing where there would be !(
!((! high to low potential for finding (!(! (! !( !((!(!(!
!(!( !( (! (! a lodge site. Now we know that !(!( (! !(
(!(!(! (!!( !( !( !(

(! (!(! !((!!( (! !( (!
!(!(!(!((!
Ü !( !( Ü !((! (! (!
(! (!(!(!!( !(
!( Earthlodge Sites !( (!!((!!(
(!!( !( (! (! !(!(!( !(
(! (!
!( !( !( !(!( !( (! !(
!((! !( (! !( (!

!(!( !((!!( (! (! (! !( (!
(!(!!((!!( !(
!( !((! (!
(!!(!( (!!((!(! (!
!(!(!( (! !(!((!!( !( Earthlodge Sites !((!!((!(!!((!!((! (! !( !( (!!( (!!( (! !(
Loess Hills boundary !(!((!(! (! (!
(!!( (! Highways (!!( (! (!!((!
Glenwood boundary (!
(!
!( !(

Loess Hills boundary (! !( £¤!( !( !( (!
(! 34
(!
!( !((! !(!(
Highways !((!!( !((!!((! (! (! Two-class model
Glenwood boundary (! (! !( !(!((!(!
!( (!(! !(!( Lower probability than chance !(!((!!((! (!
Probability of !( !( !((!(!(!!((!!( !(
Site Occurrence (!!((!(!(!!(!!(((! (! (!(!!( !( !( Higher probability than chance (!
!(!((!!( !( !( (!
Unlikely (!!( !( (! (! !( !(
!( !( (!
!(

!( !( 0 1 2 Kilometers !(
!(
¤£(! !(!( 34
(!
(!!( 0 1 2 Miles

Very low possibility (! (!!(!(!( !( !(!((!(!!(!((! (!
Possible
!((!(!!(!(
Moderately possible (!
Highly possible
(! (! (!

(! !( (! !(
!(

0 1 2 Kilometers (! Understanding these settlement preferences provides
0 1 2 Miles !( insight into the nature of the Glenwood culture. The
last two strongly suggest that houses were built close
!( to fields, something previously suspected but now
supported by the new evidence.
Three potential earthlodge depressions north of 13ML5 Glenwood people:
While the high percentage of destroyed Glenwood
• built on slopes as steep as 15 degrees, sites in the Loess Hills is lamentable, the results of
both LiDAR and modeling indicate that many more
• avoided flat open terrain and built within 1300 sites exist. And now we have clues where to look!

12 meters 19 meters feet of perennial streams,

¹ • preferred slopes that received the most sun-
light during the growing season, and
• preferred areas with neutral to acidic soils.

University of Iowa Office of the State Archaeologist 21